PROBLEMS FACED BY FARMERS OF PAKISTAN IN AGRICULTURE
By Rai Sammar Abbas
Following are the causes of our backwardness
in agriculture:
1. Lack of Education Technical knowledge.
The farmers of our country are mostly un-educated and lack
technical knowledge .They are unable to understand the modern
scientific methods of agriculture and often remain ignorant of
good means to protect and increase their yield. Their production
is therefore low.
2. Lack of Capital and burden of debts
The majority of our farmers are poor and they often live in a hand
to mouth position. Most of them are always under heavy burdens
of debts. So due to lack of capital they cannot afford to purchase
modern scientific implements, chemical manures, improved types
of seeds etc.Hence they can not attain the required standards.
3. Stickness to the Old Traditional farming
Most of our farmers are still stuck to the old traditions of their
fore fathers. The circumstances have compelled them to use the
crude implements, because due to small holdings of land and
poverty they are unable to acquire and use modern scientific
methods. That is why their standard is lower than that of
cultivators in developed countries.
4.Water logging and Salinity the ailment to soil
water logging and salinity is increasing day by day. Due to
excessive use of canal water, most of our cultivated lands have
become victims of these two dangerous diseases. Every year,
salinity alone, is turning about 1,00,000 acres of arable land into marches and salt lands. Water-logging is no less injurious. On the
other hand the measures taken so far are quite inadequate for
such issues.
5. Uneconomical Land Holdings size
the small farmers are increasing in our country as the lands are
dividing generation by generation. So, there are large number of
farmers who own only 4 acres of land. These small farmers do
not get credit facilities to purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizers
etc. Additionally, a large area of land is owned by feudals and the
farmers who work on their lands, are just tenants. This uncertain
situation of occupancy neither creates incentive of work nor does
attract capital investment.
6. Scarcity of Water for irrigation
Our farmers have to face many problems due to scarcity of water
which is one our major problems. Large tracts of
land estimated to be about 22 million acres is lying uncultivated
due to shortage of water. Rainfall is uncertain and the existing
irrigational facilities in our country are quite insufficient and need
to be extended.
7. Land Tenure System
The land tenure system of Pakistan has creates a chain of
intermediaries in between the state and the tenants. The system,
instead of being conductive to agricultural development, stands in
the way of its progress.
8. Soil Erosion a threat to soils
In some areas of our country, especially in hilly regions, the
upper fertile soil is being eroded by different natural agents of
change .Thus the fertility is poor and soils are becoming less
productive. 9. Lack of Organized Marketing/ regulated marketing’s
The marketing facilities for agricultural products in Pakistan are
still far from satisfactory level. Our cultivators cannot get
just prices for their produce due to defective marketing
organization. Moreover the chain of middlemen between the
producers and ultimate consumers take a heavy share of their
produce .Thus the cultivators do not take much real interest in
increasing their product too.
10. Pests and Crop Diseases break through
Due to lack of agricultural education and methods of modern
research, our farmers cannot control the various diseases of
crops and attacks of pests and insects. The result I
11.Poor Means of Transportation
The agricultural activities in our country are performed in rural
areas, but most of our villages have no road or railway links with
our markets. So farmers have to face innumerable hardships to
sell their products. Hence the farmers take very little interest in
their profession and production suffers.
12.Lack of Credit Facilities and access to farming
communities
The resources required for agricultural operation are
land,layout,live stock, farm equipment,
seeds,fertilizers,irrigation,transport etc.For the convenient and
timely procurement of these resources the farmers must have
easy access to credit. The A.D.B.P and commercial banks provide
loans to the farmers which are insufficient because our farmers
are very poor.
Rai Sammar Abbas
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